Pennant ChartsThe 2026 Sabermetric Season
Pioneer Pennant

Pennant Charts · NCAA Division I Softball

The 2026 Sabermetric Season

A full season of Division I softball measured from the play-by-play itself: opponent-adjusted rankings, run values fit on this sport rather than borrowed from baseball, wins above replacement for every hitter and pitcher, and a simulated bracket. No polls, no committee logic.

7,933 games 618,310 play-by-play rows 1.17M pitches 349 teams Feb 5 to Jun 4, 2026

The Top 25

306 rated teams · composite of margin and wins

Ranked by a composite of two ratings that disagree on purpose. SRS measures run margin against schedule, so it rewards dominance. Bradley-Terry reads only wins and losses against opponent strength, so it rewards winning. Postseason games count double in both. The fifth column is where D1Softball's final poll had each team, and how far our number moves them.

RankTeamConfRecordD1S pollDiff CompositeSOSwRC+Pitch+ WARTitle odds
1Texas Longhorns ChampionSEC51-121even+2.62+5.8619720474.023.0%
2Alabama Crimson Tide WCWSSEC55-83+1+2.59+5.0018622273.022.5%
3Texas Tech Red Raiders WCWSBig 1260-92-1+2.53+4.1520320179.49.6%
4Nebraska Huskers WCWSBig Ten50-85+1+2.53+5.1217920966.214.7%
5Arkansas Razorbacks WCWSSEC46-127+2+2.49+5.6020219764.75.5%
6UCLA Bruins WCWSBig Ten52-96even+2.49+4.7023514774.44.8%
7Oklahoma SoonersSEC52-99+2+2.43+4.7022518575.65.5%
8Tennessee Volunteers WCWSSEC49-114-4+2.35+5.0917122264.011.4%
9Florida GatorsSEC51-1210+1+2.30+4.9620318573.92.3%
10Florida St. SeminolesACC50-917+7+2.01+3.8018217757.80.3%
11Georgia BulldogsSEC40-2011even+1.98+5.2519717663.40.0%
12LSU TigersSEC39-1916+4+1.96+5.6317619060.40.0%
13Texas A&M AggiesSEC37-1818+5+1.91+5.4319718362.00.1%
14Mississippi St. Bulldogs WCWSSEC43-208-6+1.88+5.2215420960.70.1%
15Arizona St. Sun DevilsBig 1244-1712-3+1.84+4.2316616754.10.0%
16Oklahoma St. CowgirlsBig 1241-1814-2+1.81+4.9817117756.40.0%
17Virginia Tech HokiesACC47-1119+2+1.79+3.3218117258.60.0%
18Duke Blue DevilsACC45-1713-5+1.77+4.9519015461.90.1%
19Arizona WildcatsBig 1237-2020+1+1.73+4.8617014144.00.0%
20Oregon DucksBig Ten41-1321+1+1.71+4.7516818052.30.0%
21UCF KnightsBig 1240-1815-6+1.60+4.3816516751.90.0%
22Stanford CardinalACC37-1522even+1.54+4.1616816147.70.0%
23South Carolina GamecocksSEC32-28unranked+1.49+5.3116418054.90.0%
24Grand Canyon LopesMW51-923-1+1.49+2.3314916346.40.0%
25Ole Miss RebelsSEC36-25unranked+1.48+4.9216616254.00.0%

Where we agree with the poll

23 of the poll's 25 teams also make ours, and both have Texas first. Average disagreement among shared teams is 2.4 places.

The independent read and the human consensus land in nearly the same place, which is reassuring for both. The disagreements are where it gets interesting: the poll is kinder to Mississippi St. Bulldogs (-6) than we are, and harsher on Florida St. Seminoles (+7).

Where we split

Ranked by the poll, not by us

  • Saint Mary's (CA) Gaelsour #53
  • Virginia Cavaliersour #26

Ranked by us, not by the poll

  • South Carolina Gamecocks#23 for us, unranked by the poll
  • Ole Miss Rebels#25 for us, unranked by the poll

Why Texas, and not Arkansas

On run margin alone Arkansas rated first. It won the season series in Austin and posted the better schedule-adjusted margin, but it did so by running up regional blowouts, then went 0-2 at the WCWS including an 0-11 loss to UCLA.

Once wins carry equal weight and postseason games count double, Texas takes the top line. Elo agrees emphatically: Texas gained 283 rating points after May 1, the largest climb in the top 40. They were not the best team all season. They were the best team by June.

Schedule is the great distorter

Grand Canyon went 51-9 and rates 24th. Missouri went 28-29 and rates 33rd. Twelve of our top 25 are SEC teams, and the five toughest schedules in the country all belong to the SEC.

Expected wins from each team's actual schedule track real records closely: Oklahoma outran its expectation by 1.9 wins, the largest gap in the top 60, and Texas underran by 0.4. There is far less luck in a 60-game season than the standings suggest.

Team Lookup

306 rated teams · look up by identity, by metric, or by name

Start from a question rather than a team. Filter to an offensive identity, rank the field by any metric, narrow to one conference, then open a team for its full profile. Every metric carries two ranks, national and inside its own league, and the gap between them is usually the interesting part.

Linear Weights, Fit on Softball

Run values are measured, not imported. We reconstructed the base-out state before all 406,949 plate appearances from the play-by-play text, rebuilt run expectancy, and averaged the change in expected runs for every event.

What each event is worth

EventRuns vs outwOBA weight MLB
Walk+0.8160.790.69
Hit by pitch+0.8350.810.72
Single+0.9310.900.88
Double+1.4061.361.25
Triple+1.7281.681.59
Home run+1.8781.822.01

Run expectancy

Base state0 out1 out2 out
Bases empty0.800.410.15
1st1.290.800.34
2nd1.650.980.44
3rd1.861.270.52
1st and 2nd1.951.240.58
1st and 3rd2.181.440.63
2nd and 3rd2.611.730.78
Bases loaded2.591.750.91
A home run is worth 1.82 wOBA points here against baseball's 2.01, while a walk climbs to 0.79 from 0.69. In a 5.1-run environment across seven innings, getting on base carries relatively more weight and the extremes compress. League wOBA is 0.377 at a scale of 0.97. A steal is worth +0.22 runs and a caught stealing -0.62, putting break-even at 74%.

The measurement that unlocked the rest

Base-out state existed for only 620 charted games, which capped run expectancy, leverage and any context model at 8% of the season. The NCAA text spells out every runner movement, so we replayed all 618,310 rows through a state machine and checked it against the charted games, where ESPN records the same state independently. Base state matches 90.7% of the time and outs 95.1%. Every number downstream now rests on the full season instead of a sample, and the weights moved when it did: the 620-game fit understated a double by 0.13 wOBA points.

Player Value

Batting and pitching value are opponent-adjusted, then shrunk until predicted extra runs match actual runs one-for-one at the game level. Wins convert at 10.5 runs each. Replacement level is a team that plays .250 ball against an average schedule. Team WAR correlates with wins above that baseline at r = 0.84.

Batting WAR

Minimum 100 plate appearances

#PlayerTeamPAwOBA wRC+WAR
1Jordan WooleryUCLA2220.71935410.1
2Megan GrantUCLA2250.6953409.7
3Katie StewartTexas2080.6123067.8
4Taylor ShumakerFlorida2460.5662677.7
5Rylee SlimpUCLA2270.5742677.1
6Jocelyn EricksonFlorida2370.5512587.1
7Mya PerezTexas A&M1900.6082966.8
8Isa TorresFlorida St.1600.6913296.6
9Aminah VegaDuke1930.5972806.4
10Taryn KernStanford1880.6082786.2
11Kaniya BraggUCLA2120.5502526.1
12Jordyn FrahmNebraska2110.5452506.0

Pitching WAR

Minimum 100 batters faced

#PitcherTeamBFwOBAWAR
1Maya JohnsonBelmont7690.18619.4
2Ruby MeylanOklahoma St.8820.29119.0
3Jordyn FrahmNebraska6390.21618.8
4Keagan RothrockFlorida8780.30018.3
5Teagan KavanTexas7710.29517.8
6Jocelyn BriskiAlabama5830.20317.4
7Alyssa FairclothMississippi St.6820.26516.8
8Jori HeardSouth Carolina7420.30016.3
9Peja GooldMississippi St.6200.25416.0
10Lyndsey GreinOregon6830.27615.6
11Madalyn JohnsonGeorgia Tech8520.31515.4
12Maddy AzuaTexas St.8690.29815.1

Best FIP, park-adjusted

Minimum 300 batters faced. FIP is refit for softball on 1,051 official pitcher seasons and in log form, so the sport's most extreme strikeout arms cannot be handed a negative run estimate.

#PitcherTeamBFFIPAdjK%
1Maya JohnsonBelmont7691.441.4549.3%
2Jordyn FrahmNebraska6392.262.3334.9%
3Jocelyn BriskiAlabama5832.412.3633.6%
4Alyssa FairclothMississippi St.6822.372.5238.9%
5Sage MardjetkoTennessee4632.562.6035.2%
6Izzy KempDayton6552.432.6040.9%
7Faith AragonNew Mexico St.7192.982.6530.7%
8Alexis JensenNebraska5802.602.6835.0%
9NiJaree CanadyTexas Tech5382.852.8134.0%
10Maddia GroffOmaha5582.792.8129.9%

Win Probability Added

Minimum 100 plate appearances. WPA leaders skew away from the top of the rankings, which is the metric working as designed: elite teams win by too much for late heroics to accumulate.

#PlayerTeamPAWPA Clutch
1Hannah Di GenovaNevada1565.07+1.46
2Sydney StewartArizona1574.90+0.95
3Courtney PoulichRobert Morris1544.47+0.88
4Emily LeGetteNorth Carolina1694.47+0.02
5Jocelyn EricksonFlorida2134.45+0.94
6Lauren HoltCornell1114.42+0.78
7Brooke KlosowiczPenn St.1833.77-0.07
8Aminah VegaDuke1803.74+0.34
9Megan GrantUCLA1933.63-0.66
10Shelby BarbeeNorth Carolina1593.63+0.67

Championship Odds

The real bracket, replayed 50,000 times: sixteen regionals of four, eight super regional series, an eight-team WCWS, then a best-of-three final. Regionals and the WCWS are double elimination, which is why favorites clear them more often than a single-game read suggests.

#TeamReach WCWSWin title
1Texas Longhorns77.3%23.0%
2Alabama Crimson Tide81.5%22.5%
3Nebraska Huskers74.4%14.7%
4Tennessee Volunteers76.4%11.4%
5Texas Tech Red Raiders55.3%9.6%
6Arkansas Razorbacks73.9%5.5%
7Oklahoma Sooners68.5%5.5%
8UCLA Bruins55.5%4.8%
9Florida Gators40.4%2.3%
10Florida St. Seminoles34.1%0.3%

What the simulation got right

Texas, the actual champion, comes out as the single most likely winner at 23%, and seven of the eight teams the model ranks highest by title odds did reach the WCWS. That is a good result for a model that never saw a bracket, and a reminder of how open this tournament is: the favorite still loses more than three quarters of the time.

Format matters more than seeding. Alabama and Texas separate from the field not because they were most likely to win any single game, but because double elimination gives the best teams a second life at exactly the moment a single upset would otherwise end them.

The Third Time Through

Comparing all first-trip numbers to all third-trip numbers measures survivorship, since only the good pitchers are still out there. These are the same 1,331 arms measured against themselves, in the same games.

TripPAwOBA against K%HR%vs first
First time through101,430*0.33617.0%1.9%+0.000
Second time through101,430*0.34913.0%2.3%+0.013
Third time through78,3210.37512.0%2.6%+0.039

*The first two trips hold exactly nine batters each for any pitcher who reached a third, so those counts match by construction rather than by coincidence.

A steady decline, not a cliff

Each trip costs the pitcher. The second time is worth +0.013 wOBA to the batting side and the third +0.039 wOBA, roughly a third of a run per nine batters faced. Strikeout rate falls from 17.0% to 12.0% while home run rate climbs 40%. The effect is highly significant (t = 9.7) but gradual, so there is no single inning where the wheels come off.

Usage varies enormously. Penn State let a pitcher reach a third trip in 10% of outings; Arizona State in 86%.

Offensive Identity

Style measured five ways: power, patience, contact, early-count aggression from 1.17M pitches, and small ball. Twenty-two of the top 25 profile as some blend of power, patience and contact, and nobody in the top ten plays small ball.

#TeamISOBB%K% 1st-pitch swingPitches/PABunts/G SB att/GIdentity
1Texas Longhorns0.23711.8%13.1%20.0%3.810.941.56Power + Patient
2Alabama Crimson Tide0.23912.1%14.0%19.2%3.821.211.40Power + Patient
3Texas Tech Red Raiders0.32013.9%8.8%17.2%3.780.462.29Power + Patient + Contact
4Nebraska Huskers0.25310.1%10.5%20.4%3.740.660.91Power + Contact
5Arkansas Razorbacks0.22913.7%11.2%17.1%3.870.400.62Power + Patient + Contact
6UCLA Bruins0.44115.3%11.2%13.4%3.890.250.30Power + Patient + Contact
7Oklahoma Sooners0.39714.6%11.5%17.9%3.900.561.31Power + Patient + Contact
8Tennessee Volunteers0.21911.9%13.8%21.2%4.010.921.13Power + Patient
9Florida Gators0.26014.1%10.6%14.8%3.870.600.83Power + Patient + Contact
10Florida St. Seminoles0.24212.5%7.9%18.4%3.680.421.22Power + Patient + Contact
11Georgia Bulldogs0.23111.2%13.8%16.9%3.880.570.35Power
12LSU Tigers0.18214.2%14.5%15.3%3.930.361.05Patient
13Texas A&M Aggies0.23013.5%12.6%12.9%3.880.841.04Power + Patient
14Mississippi St. Bulldogs0.18210.1%11.8%20.4%3.830.430.68Lean contact
15Arizona St. Sun Devils0.23610.1%10.5%20.9%3.610.591.15Power + Contact
16Oklahoma St. Cowgirls0.20911.8%14.0%18.4%3.871.031.46Power + Patient
17Virginia Tech Hokies0.28412.6%9.2%14.2%3.760.091.05Power + Patient + Contact
18Duke Blue Devils0.29210.7%10.8%21.0%3.670.530.87Power + Contact
19Arizona Wildcats0.19710.2%11.1%18.1%3.751.260.70Contact
20Oregon Ducks0.21110.8%11.8%18.0%3.770.830.98Power
21UCF Knights0.20412.5%10.9%11.7%3.991.101.25Power + Patient + Contact
22Stanford Cardinal0.23211.5%10.7%15.7%3.771.020.96Power + Contact
23South Carolina Gamecocks0.18611.4%13.7%16.1%3.800.520.83Lean patient
24Grand Canyon Lopes0.22712.7%15.3%25.2%3.961.081.53Power + Patient + First-pitch hunting
25Ole Miss Rebels0.20810.4%14.9%21.1%3.840.590.70Power

Where the ball goes

Direction parsed from the text on 95% of the league's 354,000 balls in play. D1 average is 41% pull, 37% opposite field. Balls up the middle produce a .431 average, far above pulled (.333) or opposite-field (.266) contact.

#TeamPullOppoGB/FB
1Texas Longhorns43.4%33.1%1.26
2Alabama Crimson Tide41.5%36.3%1.26
3Texas Tech Red Raiders44.7%34.7%1.17
4Nebraska Huskers42.1%35.7%1.23
5Arkansas Razorbacks40.8%37.4%1.63
6UCLA Bruins45.5%31.8%0.97
7Oklahoma Sooners44.3%35.8%0.94
8Tennessee Volunteers41.7%39.2%1.48
9Florida Gators40.5%36.9%1.35
10Florida St. Seminoles45.3%36.4%1.30
11Georgia Bulldogs41.3%36.1%1.50
12LSU Tigers46.7%33.1%1.38

Park factors

Fit by ridge regression with offense and defense controlled, so a park is never credited for hosting weak opponents, then regressed toward neutral by sample size. New Mexico State plays at 3,900 feet. Applying these moves individual pitcher FIP by up to 0.25 runs.

Home parkRun factor
New Mexico St. Aggies1.24
Akron Zips1.23
Western Ill. Leathernecks1.22
UNI Panthers1.22
Morehead St. Eagles1.22
UNCW Seahawks0.86
Sam Houston Bearkats0.84
FGCU Eagles0.84
California Baptist Lancers0.82
UT Martin Skyhawks0.76

Is There an Opening?

Once a strategy becomes the standard, the counter to it tends to get cheap, because everyone has built their roster and set their defense against the standard. Softball has been through this before: slap hitting was everywhere, and then it was not. With run expectancy measured on this season, we can ask whether the field's collective move to power and patience has left anything on the table.

Run expectancy is the wrong yardstick here

Average runs is not what a manager is buying with a sacrifice. In a tie game the objective is the chance of scoring at all, which is a different number and can move the other way. Both, measured on this season:

Base state Expected runs Chance of scoring
0 out120 out12
Bases empty0.800.410.1536%21%9%
1st1.290.800.3452%36%17%
2nd1.650.980.4469%48%26%
3rd1.861.270.5286%71%31%
1st and 2nd1.951.240.5870%51%27%
1st and 3rd2.181.440.6384%65%30%
2nd and 3rd2.611.730.7887%72%33%
Bases loaded2.591.750.9183%67%37%

On the scoring-odds yardstick the sacrifice stops being a blanket mistake. A successful bunt from first and second with nobody out actually raises the chance of scoring, even while it lowers expected runs. Two of the seven sacrifice situations come out positive.

SituationExpected runs Chance of scoring
1st and 2nd, 0 out-0.216+2.0 pts
2nd, 0 out-0.379+1.9 pts
1st, 0 out-0.316-3.9 pts
1st, 1 out-0.352-10.1 pts
1st and 3rd, 0 out-0.446-11.8 pts
2nd, 1 out-0.460-16.6 pts
1st and 2nd, 1 out-0.466-17.9 pts

But the attempt is not the same as the success

That +0.9 point gain assumes the bunt works. The offer on the table is the attempt. From first and second with nobody out, across 312 sacrifice attempts, only 17% actually produced second and third with one out. The rest popped up, got the lead runner, or found a hit.

Chance of scoring after a sacrifice attempt: 0.623.
Chance of scoring if you simply let her hit: 0.701.

So the honest verdict survives the better yardstick. Giving away an out is defensible in theory in a couple of spots, but execution eats the whole edge and then some. And the fear driving the bunt is overstated: swinging away from that same spot (8,630 times this season) produced a double play just 2.0% of the time.

The bunt base hit is the real opening

Bunting for a hit and bunting to give up an out are different strategies that share a word. Separate them and the picture inverts.

Bunting for a hit produced a 0.597 average on 7,822 attempts, against a league BABIP of 0.319. In run terms it is worth +0.563 runs against +0.386 for an ordinary plate appearance in the same base-out situations, an edge of +0.177 runs per attempt.

That is the shape of a real inefficiency: defenses positioned for a league that swings for extra bases concede the short game. The honest caveat is that this is a conditional edge. Hitters bunt for a hit when they are fast and the corners are deep, so the .597 reflects good spot-picking as much as the tactic. It would not survive being used indiscriminately. But at 7,822 attempts league-wide against 6,449 sacrifices, the tactic is being under-used by teams that already know how to do it.

What actually produces runs

Each coefficient is opponent-adjusted runs per plate appearance per standard deviation of that axis, with the other five held constant. 307 teams, R² 0.75.

Identity axisRuns/PA per SDt
Power (ISO)+0.0438+20.4
Patience (BB%)+0.0095+4.0
Strikeouts (K%)-0.0110-5.5
First-pitch aggression-0.0054-2.4
Bunting+0.0081+4.3
Running-0.0072-3.8

Power outweighs everything else by a factor of four, so the crowd is not wrong to chase it. The interesting rows are the last two: holding everything else equal, teams that bunt more score more, and teams that run more score less. Both are small, both are significant, and they point in opposite directions from how the two tactics usually get bundled together as "small ball."

And power has not saturated

Opponent-adjusted runs per PA by power quintile. If the strategy were crowded to exhaustion, the last step would flatten.

Power quintileISORuns/PA
Bottom fifth0.088-0.0398
Fourth fifth0.120-0.0148
Middle fifth0.146+0.0054
Second fifth0.178+0.0403
Top fifth0.240+0.0998

The gain from the fourth fifth to the top fifth is the largest of the four steps. There is no diminishing return visible yet, which is the clearest evidence against the market-correction thesis: the standard is standard because it still works.

Steals need more than teams think

Break-even success rate implied by this season's run expectancy, by situation.

AttemptOutsBreak-even
1st to 2nd071%
1st to 2nd178%
1st to 2nd276%
2nd to 3rd086%
2nd to 3rd174%
2nd to 3rd286%

Taking second with nobody out needs 71%. Taking third needs up to 86%, because a runner on second is already in scoring position and there is much less to gain. Most of the league runs at rates that lose runs on net, which is why the running coefficient above is negative.

Where the contrarian thesis fails

Two tests that could have supported it, and did not.

Being unusual does not pay by itself. Correlation between a team's distance from the league-average identity and the runs it scores above what its component rates predict: -0.16. If anything, unusual teams slightly underperform.

Small ball does not travel better against good defense. Facing top-60 defenses, small-ball offenses lose 0.083 of wOBA while power offenses lose 0.076. The gap runs the wrong way for the theory: elite defense suppresses the short game slightly more, not less.

39 of the top 50 teams sit in the top quartile of power; only 13 sit in the top quartile of small ball. The field is genuinely crowded. It is just not crowded into a mistake.

The honest read

The counter-strategy story is the right question, and the answer is more specific than either "power wins" or "the league is due for a correction." Power is four times more productive than any other lever and still scaling at the top end, so a team that pivoted to manufacturing runs purely to be different would trade a large proven edge for a small speculative one.

The exploitable piece is narrower and more specific. In abandoning the sacrifice, which the math fully justifies, the sport also walked away from the bunt base hit, which the math strongly supports. Defenses set up for damage concede that ground, and the teams still taking it are getting a .597 average for their trouble. The opportunity is not to become a small-ball team. It is to be a power team that still knows how to bunt for a hit, and to stop running into outs at rates that need 71 to 86 percent to break even.

What Worked, What Did Not

Gradient boosting beat the lookup table, barely

A boosted classifier on inning, half, margin, base state and outs scores 0.4425 log loss against 0.4498 for the lookup table, a 1.6% improvement. Two corrections were needed to get an honest answer: the first attempt trained on features a broken join had silently dropped, and the second graded the stored table in-sample against an out-of-sample model. The gain is real but modest, and it concentrates late.

The clustering found no clean archetypes

Replacing hand-set style thresholds with a Gaussian mixture was supposed to discover natural offensive types. It did not. By BIC the best fit is two clusters, one holding 90% of teams. Offensive style in D1 softball is a continuum, not a set of camps, so the identity labels above describe where a team sits on those axes rather than membership in a school of thought.

The pitching numbers were wrong once, and how we caught it

An earlier build ranked pitchers using a field that names the pitcher on only 20% of plate appearances, and not at random. It favored whichever teams parsed cleanly, so pitchers with near-complete attribution looked like full-season workhorses while genuine aces appeared as fragments. The tell was the batters-faced column: nobody exceeded 410 when real workloads approach 1,000. Rebuilt on the properly resolved attribution, coverage reaches 96% and reproduces official batters-faced totals at a median ratio of 0.93, with our FIP correlating 0.68 with official ERA. The times-through-order result moved by a factor of three. Any leaderboard whose workload column looks half-sized is worth distrusting before its rate stats.

Glossary

33 terms, twice each

Every term this page uses, defined two ways: what it means if you just want to read the tables, and what it actually computes. The usual failure of a stats glossary is that the technical line arrives first and the reader bounces off it, so here the plain version leads.

SRSRatings
In plain termsHow much a team beats people by, adjusted for who they played. A +9 means they would be favored by about nine runs against a perfectly average team.
TechnicallySimple Rating System. A team's average run margin, capped at eight to respect the run rule and with home advantage removed, plus the average rating of its opponents, solved simultaneously across all teams until it converges.
Bradley-TerryRatings
In plain termsThe same idea as SRS but it only cares who won, never by how much. Useful because blowouts can flatter a team that feasts on weak opponents.
TechnicallyA logistic paired-comparison model fit on wins and losses only, with a home advantage term and a ridge prior to keep undefeated pockets finite.
Composite ratingRatings
In plain termsOur main ranking. It splits the difference between rewarding dominance and rewarding winning, so a team has to do both to finish high.
TechnicallyEqual-weight average of the z-scored SRS and Bradley-Terry ratings, with postseason games counted double in both.
EloRatings
In plain termsA running rating that tracks form. It answers who is best right now rather than who was best on average over the whole year.
TechnicallyA sequential rating updated game by game with a margin-of-victory multiplier damped by the rating gap, so late-season results outweigh February.
SOSRatings
In plain termsHow hard the schedule was. A +5 means the average opponent was about five runs per game better than a typical team.
TechnicallyStrength of schedule: the average opponent SRS a team faced, in runs per game.
PythagenpatRatings
In plain termsThe record a team's runs say it should have had. A gap between this and the real record is usually luck in close games.
TechnicallyExpected winning percentage from runs scored and allowed, with the exponent set from the game's own run environment rather than fixed.
Expected winsRatings
In plain termsHow many games a team should have won given who it played. Compare it to the real total to see who got lucky.
TechnicallyThe sum of Bradley-Terry win probabilities across a team's actual schedule.
wOBAOffense
In plain termsOne number for how much a hitter helps you score. It is on-base percentage's scale, so .400 is very good, but it gives extra credit for extra bases.
TechnicallyWeighted on-base average. Each outcome is multiplied by the runs it is actually worth, then scaled so the league value equals league on-base percentage.
wRC+Offense
In plain termsOffense as a percentage of average. 150 means fifty percent better than a typical team, 80 means twenty percent worse.
TechnicallyWeighted runs created, indexed so 100 is league average after adjusting for the quality of pitching faced.
ISOOffense
In plain termsPure power, with singles stripped out. It answers how often contact goes for extra bases rather than how often it falls in.
TechnicallyIsolated power: slugging percentage minus batting average, or extra bases per at-bat.
BABIPOffense
In plain termsHow often balls put in play become hits. Wild swings in it usually mean luck or defense rather than a change in the hitter.
TechnicallyBatting average on balls in play, excluding home runs and strikeouts from both halves of the fraction.
Linear weightsOffense
In plain termsWhat each thing a hitter can do is worth in runs. A walk, a single and a home run are not one, two and four; they are measured.
TechnicallyThe average change in run expectancy produced by each event type, measured from this season's own base-out states rather than imported from baseball.
Pull rateOffense
In plain termsHow often a hitter yanks the ball to their natural side. High pull rates invite a shifted defense.
TechnicallyShare of balls in play fielded on the batter's pull side, using the fielder named in the play-by-play and the batter's handedness.
GB/FBOffense
In plain termsWhether a team hits the ball on the ground or in the air. Above one is a groundball team, below one lives in the air.
TechnicallyRatio of groundballs to flyballs among batted balls whose trajectory the play-by-play described.
FIPPitching
In plain termsWhat a pitcher's ERA would be if her defense were average. It ignores what happened after the ball was hit, which she mostly cannot control.
TechnicallyFielding independent pitching, refit for softball on official pitcher seasons and in log form, using only home runs, walks, hit batters and strikeouts.
Pitch+Pitching
In plain termsThe pitching mirror of wRC+. 150 means the staff allowed half as much damage as an average one, given who it faced.
TechnicallyRun prevention indexed to 100 after adjusting for the quality of offenses faced. Higher is better.
DERDefense
In plain termsHow often the defense turns a ball in play into an out. It is the cleanest team fielding number available from this data.
TechnicallyDefensive efficiency: the share of balls in play converted into outs, adjusted for the batting quality of the offenses faced.
Times through the orderPitching
In plain termsWhether hitters have seen the pitcher already today. The third look is worth measurably more to the hitting side than the first.
TechnicallyThe count of how many times a pitcher has faced a lineup in one game, in blocks of nine batters.
Putaway ratePitching
In plain termsOnce a pitcher gets two strikes, how often she finishes the job. It varies a lot by which two-strike count she is in.
TechnicallyOf plate appearances that reached a given two-strike count, the share that ended in a strikeout. Note the denominator is plate appearances, not pitches.
Run expectancySituations
In plain termsHow many runs the situation is worth on average. A fresh inning is worth about eight tenths of a run.
TechnicallyAverage runs scored from a given base-out state through the end of the half-inning, measured over 405,730 plate appearances.
Scoring probabilitySituations
In plain termsThe chance of scoring at all, as opposed to how much. This is the number that matters in a tie game late, and it can rank situations differently.
TechnicallyThe share of times at least one more run scores from a base-out state before the half-inning ends.
Base-out stateSituations
In plain termsWho is on base and how many are out. Every in-game decision hangs on it.
TechnicallyThe combination of occupied bases and outs. Twenty-four exist; twenty-two are battable states.
Break-evenSituations
In plain termsHow often a gamble has to work to be worth trying. Stealing second with nobody out needs about 71 percent.
TechnicallyThe success rate at which the run expectancy gained by a play equals the run expectancy lost when it fails.
WPASituations
In plain termsHow much a player actually swung games. It rewards big hits in close games and ignores them in blowouts.
TechnicallyWin probability added: the change in a team's chance of winning across a plate appearance, summed for a player.
LeverageSituations
In plain termsHow much a moment matters. A tie game in the seventh is high leverage; a ten-run lead is not.
TechnicallyHow much win probability the average plate appearance in a given game state can move, normalized so league average is 1.0.
ClutchSituations
In plain termsWhether a player's hits happened to land in the big moments. It describes what happened and does not predict what comes next.
TechnicallyWin probability added minus the win probability the same production would have earned at neutral leverage.
WARValue
In plain termsHow many wins a player or team added versus a freely available fill-in. One number that puts hitters and pitchers on the same scale.
TechnicallyWins above replacement. Opponent-adjusted runs above a replacement-level baseline, converted at 10.5 runs per win. No fielding component.
Replacement levelValue
In plain termsThe baseline everything is measured against: roughly what you would get from whoever is next up if a starter went down.
TechnicallyThe production of a team that would play .250 ball against an average schedule, split evenly between offense and pitching.
Park factorContext
In plain termsWhether a home field inflates or suppresses scoring. Above 1.00 is a hitter's park. It is context, not a measure of quality.
TechnicallyA run multiplier per home park, fit by ridge regression with team offense and defense controlled, then regressed toward neutral by sample size.
Championship oddsPostseason
In plain termsHow often a team wins it all if you replay the tournament many times. Even the favorite usually does not.
TechnicallyShare of 50,000 Monte Carlo replays of the real bracket in which a team won the title, using Bradley-Terry win probabilities.
Plate appearanceBasics
In plain termsOne turn at bat, counted no matter how it ends.
TechnicallyEvery trip to the plate. At-bats exclude walks, hit batters and sacrifices, which is why the two counts differ.
CountBasics
In plain termsThe score of the little game between pitcher and hitter.
TechnicallyBalls and strikes when a pitch is thrown, written balls first: 1-2 is one ball and two strikes.
Whiff per swingBasics
In plain termsHow often a hitter swings and misses, out of the times she actually swung.
TechnicallyShare of swings that missed entirely. Distinct from swinging-strike rate, which divides by all pitches.

Method and Caveats

  1. Base-out reconstruction is 90.7% accurate on base state and 95.1% on outs, validated against 21,450 independently charted plate appearances.
  2. WAR has no fielding or positional component. Team defense is captured by DER (league average 0.677), but the play-by-play names the position that fielded a ball, never the player, so individual defensive value is not recoverable.
  3. Pitcher attribution resolves 96% of plate appearances. About two thirds is inferred from the box-score starter rather than an explicit pitching change, which is reasonable in a sport full of complete games but will misattribute some relief innings.
  4. Handedness is known for 72% of plate appearances, so pull and opposite-field rates use that subset. Batted-ball type parses on 65% of balls in play.
  5. Championship odds hold team strength fixed at its season-long value and ignore pitcher availability, travel and injury.
  6. One season only. No aging curves, projections or park-factor stability check until prior years are loaded. Play-by-play is available back to 2022.
Pioneer Pennant

Pennant Charts. Built from NCAA play-by-play, February through June 2026. Poll comparison from D1Softball's final Top 25, June 9, 2026.